In a paper about a study done by Rachel M. Calogero tittled A test of objectification theory: The effect of the male gaze on appearance concerns in college women, the study had 105 female college students participants who were told that they would be interacting with either a male or female or no one at all (the control), then told to complete questionnaires after they have interacted with a male or female to see if this interaction or gaze expectation  male or female, would or would not affect the way the participants would feel about themselves when it came to something like their body. The study concluded that women in a society where women are treated or seen as objects are very likely to have self-objectification or sexual objectification. And that even when exposed to self-objectification at an early age, the self-objectification theory is real and negatively affects women throughout their lives. (Calogero)